| 1 |
Author(s):
Centre of Defence Studies and Documentation.
Page No :
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Table of Contents
Abstract
Table of Content
| 2 |
Author(s):
Abubakar Salihu.
Page No : 1-7
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ANALYSIS ON THE DECADENCE OF POLITICAL LEADERSHIP IN NIGERIA USING PLATO POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY.
Abstract
This paper present an analysis of the decadence of political leadership in Nigeria through the lens of Plato's political philosophy. Plato, an ancient Greek philosopher, articulated a vision of ideal governance rooted in justice, virtue, and the rule of philosopher-kings. This study applies Plato's theoretical framework to the contemporary political landscape in Nigeria, examining the discrepancy between Platonic ideals and the reality of Nigerian political leadership. The analysis explores key aspects of Plato's political philosophy, including the concepts of the philosopher-king, the tripartite soul, and the notion of the just society. It contrasts these ideals with the characteristics and practices of current Nigerian political leaders, highlighting the pervasive issues of corruption, nepotism, and lack of accountability that plague the nation’s governance. Through a qualitative approach, this study synthesizes data from historical records, political analyses, and scholarly literature to draw parallels between Plato's critique of democracy and oligarchy and the Nigerian experience. It investigates how the failure to adhere to Platonic virtues of wisdom, courage, moderation, and justice has contributed to the decay in political leadership in Nigeria. Findings from this analysis reveal that the moral and ethical deficiencies in Nigerian political leadership starkly contrast with Plato's vision of enlightened and virtuous rulers. The study underscores the need for a transformative approach to leadership, informed by Platonic principles, to address the deep-seated issues undermining effective governance in Nigeria. Ultimately, this abstract aims to contribute to the discourse on political reform in Nigeria by advocating for the integration of philosophical insights into practical strategies for improving leadership quality and fostering a more just and equitable society.
| 3 |
Author(s):
ELIZABETH AISHATU BATURE.
Page No : 8-26
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ARMED BANDITRY, EDUCATION AND STATE SECURITY IN KADUNA STATE: TOWARDS A WORKING PARADIGM
Abstract
This paper examines the issues of armed banditry, education and State security in Nigeria. The Nation, in its entirety, is under severe internal security threat. At a more general level, the threat has social, economic, political and environmental dimensions. Each of these dimensions has greatly affected the Nation's stability and can be traced to the ethnic militia armies, ethnic and religious conflicts, poverty, terrorism, armed robbery, corruption, economic sabotage and environmental degradation. The efforts of the government to eradicate banditry and other nefarious vices are seen as slow and costly in terms of the public funds spent and the lives and properties lost. The activities of bandits in the country have grossly affected the sustainability of education in Nigeria. Kaduna State is the worst hit as the educational calendar keeps being tampered with because of armed bandits' activities. This, amongst others, has made the citizens question the government's commitment to eradicating this menace. Using frustration-aggression theory, it explains the rise of armed banditry and how this has affected education in Kaduna State viz-a-viz the (in) ability of the state security services to curtail acts of banditry in Kaduna State. A Historical method of research and analysis was employed in the study. The study data were collected through documentation of secondary sources, including a review of related literature journals and writeups and also interviews of military officials who have engaged with such bandits. The study is also descriptive in style as it is built on the findings of existing works about emerging security threats in Kaduna State and Nigeria. The study recommended that the country evolve a working security paradigm that states would emulate to ensure their security.
Keywords: Armed banditry, State security, Education, National Security and Kaduna State.
| 4 |
Author(s):
NTAGU, MRACLE PROMISE, Shehu Kambai Bobai.
Page No : 27-43
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CYBER SECURITY POLICY AND THE FINANCIAL SECTOR: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE USA AND NIGERIA
Abstract
This paper provides a comprehensive review and comparative analysis of cybersecurity challenges and strategies within the financial sectors of the United States of America (USA) and Nigeria. It aims to elucidate the complexities and variances in cybersecurity practices, focusing on the different approaches taken by these nations to safeguard their financial data against increasing cyber threats. Through a detailed examination of existing literature, including academic journals, industry reports, and cybersecurity incident databases, this study identifies the unique and common cybersecurity vulnerabilities, regulatory environments, and defense mechanisms employed by the financial sectors in both countries. The review reveals that the USA's financial sector benefits from advanced cybersecurity technologies and a strong regulatory framework, yet faces challenges related to sophisticated cyber-attacks and the management of insider threats. Conversely, Nigeria's financial sector grapples with issues such as limited cybersecurity awareness, technological constraints, and evolving regulatory frameworks. Despite these disparities, both countries share the necessity of enhancing their cybersecurity posture to combat the evolving nature of cyber threats effectively. Conclusively, the paper argues that addressing cybersecurity in the financial sector necessitates a comprehensive approach that includes not only technological solutions but also the strengthening of regulatory policies, enhancement of cybersecurity awareness, and fostering international collaboration. The comparative analysis underscores the importance of adopting best practices from each country's experience, aiming to bolster the resilience of financial institutions against cyber threats in an increasingly interconnected world.
Keywords: Cybersecurity, Financial Sector, Digital Infrastructure, Threat Intelligence, Innovation
| 5 |
Author(s):
Abubakar Alhaji SALEH, Usman Danladi MADAKI, Abubakar Mohammed ALIYU.
Page No : 44-57
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AN ASSESSMENT OF THE ROLE OF RADIO HADIN KAI IN PROMOTING PEACE IN BORNO STATE
Abstract
This study assess the role of Radio Hadin in promoting peace in Borno state. The objectives of the study are to: identify how-Radio Hadin-Kai promotes peace in Borno state, examine the perception of listeners regarding the stations’ role in the promotion of peace and security in Borno State and identify the challenges of Radio Hadin-Kai in promoting peace. The study adopted a mixed-methods approach, using questionnaires and interviews to collect data from 303 respondents, including staff and listeners of Radio Hadin Kai. The findings indicates that Radio Hadin Kai plays a significant role in disseminating accurate and reliable information on peace related issues, challenging the narratives of the insurgents, and providing psychosocial support and empowerment to the listeners. The findings also indicated that some of the challenges and limitations of the radio station includes, security threats, technical issues, and audience feedback mechanisms. The study concludes that Radio Hadin Kai is pivotal in promoting peace in Borno State through its diverse and comprehensive programming. It achieves its objectives by scrutinizing the roles of the radio station in peace promotion and audience engagement The study recommends among others that Radio Hadin Kai should enhance its programming contents and quality, diversify its sources and partners, and strengthen its interaction and collaboration with the audience and other stakeholders.
Keywords: Media, Radio Hadin Kai,Conflict Prevention.Promoting Peace
| 6 |
Author(s):
Cynthia Ekene Umunnakwe-Okorie.
Page No : 58-66
|
INTERROGATING CIVIL-MILITARY RELATIONS IN IMO STATE: 2020 – 2024
Abstract
This study investigates the dynamic relationship between civilians, civilian authorities, government and military institutions, exploring both the benefits and drawbacks of military activities in Imo State, Nigeria, from 2020-2024. In Nigeria, including Imo State, civil-military relations have been complex due to various factors such as historical tensions, political interference, security challenges, crises from the nationwide 2020 End-Sars movement and 2024 End-bad Governance movement, rise of the Eastern security network (ESN),continued violent agitations of the indigenous people of Biafra (IPOB), malicious killings by the Unknown-Gunmen (UGM) and numerous deaths of youths caused by the raid of the military against these non-governmental security agencies set up by individuals. This research scrutinizes the impact of military operations on the local population, security, and political stability. The findings shed light on the complexities of civil-military interactions, revealing both positive contributions to security and negative consequences, such as human rights violations and displacement. Furthermore, several unjust killings of military personnel by unlawful armed individuals without legal and explainable reasons were also discovered. This research recommends to policymakers and military leaders to enhance their understanding of effective civil-military engagement strategies like civil-militia security partnerships and constitute other strategies that can balance security imperatives with civilian needs and human rights. Conclusively, both civilians and the military should be constantly informed that human life is sacrosanct.
Keywords: Civil-military activities, military institutions, historical tensions, security challenges, policy making, human rights.
| 7 |
Author(s):
OKECHUKWU COLLINS OBASI.
Page No : 67-79
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NIGERIA’S SPACE POLICY: DEFENCE AND SECURITY IMPACT ASSESSMENT
Abstract
This study examines the strategic impact of Nigeria's National Space Policy on strengthening national defence and security. It explored how the country's space policy, as a crucial component of national power, has contributed to addressing multidimensional security threats in Nigeria. The study is guided by the theory of functionalism, which views the space sector as an integral part of Nigeria's security infrastructure. Through a comprehensive review of secondary sources of data, including academic articles, policy documents, government reports, and news publications, the study analyses the impact of Nigeria's space policy on national security, particularly in counterterrorism, intelligence gathering, and military operations. The findings reveal that Nigeria's space initiatives, including the deployment of satellites for surveillance and communication, have significantly bolstered the country's defence capabilities. Notable successes include the use of satellite imagery in combating the Boko Haram insurgency and supporting peacekeeping missions in Mali. However, the study also identifies limitations, such as the reliance on foreign countries for satellite launches and insufficient training of indigenous manpower in utilizing satellite and space data for security purposes. The launch of DELSAT-1 in 2022, Nigeria's first military satellite, represents a significant step toward overcoming these challenges and enhancing the country's defence posture. The study recommends that Nigeria sustains its investment in space technology, as it is vital for addressing emerging security threats and promoting national stability.
Keywords: Space, Policy, National Defence, Security
| 8 |
Author(s):
MUHAMMAD SANUSI LAWAL, Nufaisa Garba Ahmed .
Page No : 80-98
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BEYOND “MIGHT IS RIGHT”: RETHINKING THE US INVASION OF IRAQ AND LESSONS FOR CONTEMPORARY PEACE AND SECURITY
Abstract
“Small states may be able to adapt to, even temporarily profit from, band-wagoning with the hegemon, but it is they that are potentially most threatened when a hegemonic power undermines the international constraints on the use of power”
(Hinnebusch, 2006: 114).
"The most important difference between North Korea and Iraq is that economically we just had no choice in Iraq. The country
swims on a sea of oil”
(Wright, 2003).
| 9 |
Author(s):
Oyalabu, Olukayode Samuel , Oyalabu, Grace Idowu , Gbadamosi, Oluwatosin.
Page No : 99-109
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PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEE MOTIVATION TECHNIQUES
Abstract
The study investigates motivation techniques that enhance employee performance and identifies the challenges hindering performance management and employee motivation. The objectives are to explore established motivation theories and empirical findings, evaluate practical applications, and provide actionable recommendations for public and private organisations. Guided by theories such as Ryan and Deci's Self-Determination Theory and Locke and Latham's Goal Setting Theory, this research examines the impact of goal setting, continuous feedback, recognition programmes, and professional development opportunities on employee motivation and performance. Academic journals, industry reports, and organizational case studies revealed that clear goal alignment, regular constructive feedback, comprehensive recognition programmes, and ample development opportunities significantly enhance employee performance. The study concludes that addressing these challenges through structured goal setting, implementing continuous feedback mechanisms, ensuring fair performance evaluations, managing workloads, and engaging employees in change processes can significantly improve employee motivation. Organizations can foster a motivating work environment that supports sustained high performance and employee satisfaction by putting various positive measures in place.
Key words: Performance management, Employee, Motivation techniques, Organisation
| 10 |
Author(s):
Magajiya Tanko, Shuaibu Garba Mohammed , Umeokafor Chibuike Chris.
Page No : 110-126
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THE IMPACT OF THE USE OF INTELLIGENCE IN CONFLICT MANAGEMENT IN NIGERIA (PERSPECTIVES FROM THE NORTH EAST INSURGENCY)
Abstract
This paper assessed the impacts of the use of intelligence in conflict management in the North East insurgency. The right to protection by every citizen of any country is sacrosanct. This sacrosanctness derives from the social contract that establishes the state. At the core of social contract establishing the state is individuals giving up their right to self-protection in return for the state guaranteeing it. To carry out this primary responsibility, the government of every state uses various strategies including, but not limited to intelligence gathering. The main objective of this study is to highlight the importance of intelligence gathering, analysis and execution in conflict situations. Gathering intelligence on issues of national interests enables the government to identify potential conflicts before they occur, prevent from occurring and, when they occur, manage and resolve them. Thus, the use of intelligence in conflict resolution forms an integral element of conflict management. This research relied on secondary data. The theoretical framework of this research is the structural functionalist theory. So much scholarly work has been done about the ongoing North-East insurgency in Nigeria, however, very little has been said about how intelligence can significantly impact the management as well as the resolution of the conflict. The insurgency, over a decade on, has become a humanitarian disaster with thousands of lives lost, properties and means of livelihoods destroyed and millions of internally displaced people have become refugees in their own country. The thrust of this research is on how the government of Nigeria can effectively harness intelligence to manage the lingering insurgency in the North East. The study however found out that lack of political will and the politicization of national security by the government, have prompted intelligence ‘failures’ that have over the years hampered the course of managing and resolving this conflict. The study therefore recommended that engaging effective counter propaganda and a clear definition of duties and responsibilities of the agencies will help in intelligence gathering.
Keywords: Conflict, Conflict Management, Intelligence, Insurgency
| 11 |
Author(s):
Lawal, Ibrahim Ismail, Olayiwola, Ayoola Richard, Abubakar, Jibril Idris.
Page No : 127-138
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CROSS-BORDER CRIMES AND NIGERIA’S NATIONAL SECURITY: AN OVERVIEW OF JIBIA INTERNATIONAL BORDER IN KATSINA STATE
Abstract
Jibia border is a major entry point for goods and people into Nigeria from Niger Republic. In recent years, the border has become increasingly lawless, with rise in smuggling, drug trafficking, and other criminal activities. This study aims to examine the nature and extent of border crimes committed at Jibia border, and to identify the factors that contribute to these crimes. The study used a purely qualitative approach, utilizing data from in-depth interviews with key informants. The in-depth interviews explored the causes of border crimes and the motivations of criminals, the challenges faced by law enforcement agencies, and the strategies that can be used to reduce border crimes. The study found out that cross-border crimes are a major problem at Jibia border, and that these crimes have a significant negative impact on the local community and Nigeria’s national security at large. The study also identified a number of implications of cross-border crimes at Jibia International Border in Katsina State on Nigeria’s national security which include proliferation of small arms and light weapons (SALWs), terrorism, insurgency and violent extremist activities, human/drug trafficking, distorted economy and a host of others. The findings of this study are expected to inform the development of policies and interventions to reduce border crime at Jibia border. The study is also expected to raise awareness of the problem of border crime and its impact on surrounding communities
Keywords: Jibia, border, border crimes, national security.
| 12 |
Author(s):
Auwalu Musa.
Page No : 139-161
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Development and Security Nexus within the Nigeria Framework: Challenges and Strategic Pathways
Abstract
Nigeria is confronted with an intricate nexus of development and security challenges, characterized by high poverty rates, unemployment, environmental degradation, and ongoing insecurity, especially in regions plagued by insurgency and banditry. Although various policies and programs have been implemented, weak institutional structures, governance shortcomings, and limited economic opportunities continue to obstruct human security and sustainable development. The lack of an integrated approach that concurrently addresses security and development exacerbates these issues, creating a cycle where insecurity stifles development, while underdevelopment further fuels insecurity. This paper critically examines the "NIGERIA Framework" to explore how a human security-focused approach can bridge this development-security nexus, strengthen resilience, and promote long-term socioeconomic advancement. Through a detailed analysis of the components of the NIGERIA acronym—National Economic Development Plans, Infrastructure Development, Governance Reform, Education and Healthcare, Regional Security Cooperation, Inclusive Growth Strategies, and Agriculture and Rural Development—this study identifies the multi-layered challenges and examines various strategic pathways to address them. Using a comprehensive review of literature, policy documents, and empirical evidence, this paper employs secondary data sources and content analysis as its methodology. By critically analyzing the interplay among the elements of the NIGERIA framework, this study provides valuable insights for policymakers, practitioners, and scholars aiming to understand and manage the complexities of development and security in Nigeria and similar contexts.
Keywords: Development, Security, Framework, Human Security, Socioeconomic Development
| 13 |
Author(s):
DOMINIC AONDOWASE IORYUE , JIMOH, OLALEKAN IDOWU , EJEH LOVETH .
Page No : 162-188
|
THE EVOLUTION OF REBEL MOVEMENTS: FROM FIGHTERS TO POLITICIANS
Abstract
The evolution of rebel movements from belligerent entities to political actors is a dynamic and complex phenomenon that significantly impacts post-conflict societies. This study provides a comprehensive overview of this transformative journey, from fighters to politicians in post-conflict societies, delving into key factors, challenges, and implications associated with the metamorphosis of rebel groups. The paper examines the historical trajectories of selected rebel movements that have successfully transitioned into political entities. Utilising a comparative analysis, it scrutinises the factors influencing this evolution, ranging from political considerations and economic incentives to social dynamics and international influences. By drawing on extensive literature and case studies, the study illuminates the intricate interplay of these factors, shedding light on the paths rebel movements navigate as they shift from wielding arms to engaging in political processes. Challenges inherent in this evolution are explored, including the delicate balance between demilitarisation and political integration, navigating post-conflict power dynamics, and garnering public trust. Furthermore, the paper underscores the opportunities presented by the political engagement of former rebel groups, such as contributing to stability, post-conflict reconstruction, and the consolidation of democratic institutions. The study also highlights the broader implications of rebel movements becoming political actors for post-conflict governance. It addresses questions surrounding the impact on state-building, social cohesion, and the potential for sustainable peace. The study adopted Political Process Theory and employed a desk-review method where data was obtained from existing literature. The study revealed that engagement of rebel movements in formal politics fundamentally alters the governance landscape.
Keywords: Rebel Movements, Politicians, Evolution, Post-Conflict Societies, and Civil War
| 14 |
Author(s):
Dawud Muhammad Dawud PhD, Sanusi Muhammad Lawal PhD.
Page No : 189-214
|
POLICING CATTLE RUSTLING AND ARMED BANDITRY IN NIGERIA
Abstract
Cattle rustling and banditry have become serious national security issues in Nigeria. This paper attempts to analyse the trend and explore how Nigerian government and particularly the Nigeria Police Force responded to the problem. The paper utilised secondary data generated from documented and electronic sources. The paper argues that Formal and Informal policing as well as “hard” and “soft” strategies were employed to tackle the menace with some remarkable successes; however, both approaches proved to be ineffective. The paper recommends addressing social inequality, application of modern technology, constructive engagements with the communities as well as boosting the morale of the security personnel as possible solution to the problem.
| 15 |
Author(s):
GIDEON KUZEE YAHAYA .
Page No : 215-231
|
MASS MEDIA AND CONFLICT MANAGEMENT: A CASE STUDY OF NTA GOOD MORNING NIGERIA (2019-2022)
Abstract
The study seeks to examine mass media and conflict management; a study of the program NTA Good Morning Nigeria from (2019 - 2022). The study seeks to uncover the role of ‘Good Morning Nigeria’ in conflict management in Kaduna State between the periods under review. The research employed the use of survey and in-depth interview research methodology in order to have an understanding of the social unit to collect firsthand information. The questionnaire and interview schedule are tools for data collection for the study. Findings of the research reveals that the program ‘Good Morning Nigeria’ played a pivotal role in conflict management in Kaduna State by dousing tension and dispelling rumours. The study concludes that the program contributed to the peace building process through dampening conflict which resulted in conflict management. This indeed is a clear indication that the ‘Good Morning Nigeria’ has done well in conflict management in the state. The study recommends that there should be a repeat broadcast of the program in the evening as well as televised it in Hausa so that those who don’t understand English would be carried along.
Keywords: Media, Mass Media, Conflict, Conflict Management
| 16 |
Author(s):
Keneth Mela, Nasiru Modibbo, Atukpa Emeka Izekwe.
Page No : 232-259
|
TETFUND SPONSORED JOURNAL PUBLICATION AND ACADEMIC STAFF DEVELOPMENT AT FEDERAL UNIVERSITY GASHUA, NIGERIA
Abstract
Tertiary Education Trust Fund has been very instrumental in the area of funding higher education in Nigeria. Public tertiary institutions have been benefiting in several ways through TETFund. Study on Tertiary Education Trust Fund (TETFund) is very significant in the sense that the fund since establishment has been contributing immensely to academic staff training and development in Nigeria. Few or not many are able to understand and appreciate the contributions of TETFund toward academic staff development in the country. It is doubtful that Academic staff at Federal University Gashua will perform his/her duty effectively and efficiently through journal publication. To examine if journal publication improves their professional development forms the bases for this research survey. This study applied survey research method to ascertain the effect of journal publication on academic staff development at Federal University Gashua. Structured questionnaire was designed to gather relevant information for the data analysis. To determine the level of their agreement, relevant questions were provided for the academic staffs and the result revealed that, journal publication affects academic staff development through helping them sustain greater focus towards their prescribed roles. Similarly, journal publication assists academic staff at FUGA to improve their research capabilities. The paper concludes that journal publication promotes academic staff development; and that, TETFund should also improve on financial allocations to the case study institution based on needs assessment.
Key words: TETFund; Sponsored journal; Academic staff; Staff development; Nigeria
| 17 |
Author(s):
Aguiyi, Chukwuebuka C., Ogbonnaya Eze Ori, Olaiya, Funmilayo Victoria, Fodio Garba PhD.
Page No : 260-277
|
INSECURITY AND MANAGEMENT OF PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONS IN NIGERIA: 2015 AND 2019 IN RETROSPECT AND THE ROLE OF EDUCATIONAL ADMINISTRATORS IN VOTERS’ EDUCATION
Abstract
The study discussed how insecurity affected the management and conduct of elections in Nigeria- with particular focus on the 2015 and 2019 presidential elections. It paid close attention to how voters’ intimidation, suppression and religious tension affected the conduct of the presidential elections in the years of focus; we also examined how the available security institutions can enhance the security atmosphere in Nigeria for more effective election management. Data was collected from secondary sources and were analyzed using quantitative descriptive method. Our findings showed among others that high level of fear, tension and security uncertainties, caused by intimidation and suppression as seen on the social media and rumors sources in Nigeria, during the 2015 and 2019 presidential elections have resulted in a low turnout for the election. Thus, resulting in the distortion of the electoral playing field and affecting election management. We concluded by stating that election security can largely be made possible by the presence of unbiased and adequately remunerated security agents and that with the help of school management, voters can be educated.
Keywords: Insecurity, Elections, Election Management, Ethnoreligious Tension, School Administrators
| 18 |
Author(s):
Mubarak Ahmed Mashi, PhD, Aliyu Mukhtar Katsina, PhD.
Page No : 278-294
|
SMALL ARMS, LIGHT WEAPONS AND DRUG TRAFFICKING IN AFRICA: ISSUES AND CHALLENGES
Abstract
Trafficking of small arms, light weapons (SALWs), and drugs in Africa poses severe threats to peace, security, and development in the continent. The continent has long been troubled by the illicit flow of these SALWs and drugs which empowers and motivates terrorists, rebels and insurgent groups to engage in conflict and violence with impunity, fuelling instability and underdevelopment with adverse effects on human security in the continent. The availability and circulation of weapons and drugs is a lucrative venture for those involved in further arms and drug purchases and corrupt officials perpetuating a vicious cycle of violence. Mechanisms in place by states and governments to address the menace in the continent proved ineffective due to corruption, lack of proper and modern border monitoring devices, porous borders, ‘vested interest’ involved in the crime and lack of inter-agency collaboration between various security agencies. It is against this backdrop this paper sought to examine issues and challenges in arms and drug trafficking in Africa to evolve measures that will guarantee security in the continent. The paper concludes that addressing these challenges requires a multidimensional approach that includes strengthening border controls through the use of ICT, improving governance, intensification of the fight against corruption, enhancing inter-agency collaboration, fostering international and continental cooperation, and tackling the root causes of conflict in the continent such as poverty, unemployment, effects of climate change and illiteracy in the continent.
Keywords: Trafficking, Small Arms and Light Weapons, Drug, Africa, Security, Development.
| 19 |
Author(s):
Ezugwu Kelechi Theresa, Onuorah Onyeka Leo.
Page No : 295-322
|
CULTURAL DIPLOMACY AND PEACEBUILDING AMONG DIVERSE ETHNIC GROUPS IN NIGERIA: CHALLENGES AND WAY FORWARD
Abstract
Nigeria's rich ethnic and cultural diversity presents both opportunities and challenges for peacebuilding. This study explores the role of cultural diplomacy in fostering peace among Nigeria's diverse ethnic groups, examining how cultural initiatives can bridge divides and promote national unity. The study identifies key challenges, including ethnic and religious diversity, historical grievances, political manipulation, economic constraints, and security concerns. It emphasizes the significance of developing a comprehensive national cultural policy, promoting inclusive cultural initiatives, enhancing stakeholder collaboration, addressing historical grievances, investing in education, leveraging technology, and ensuring security. The study adopted Soft Power Theory and Social Identity Theory as the theoretical framework for analysis. This study adopts a qualitative approach, utilizing secondary sources of data collection such as academic journals, government reports, and case studies of cultural diplomacy initiatives in Nigeria and other multicultural societies. The study employs a thematic method of data analysis to interpret the findings. The findings reveal that while cultural diplomacy holds significant potential for fostering mutual understanding and cooperation, its effectiveness is contingent upon addressing these multifaceted challenges. The study recommends strategic actions, including the establishment of a national cultural policy, the promotion of representative cultural programs, enhanced stakeholder coordination, and increased investment in education and public awareness. The study concludes that there is a need for a coordinated and strategic approach to leverage Nigeria's cultural diversity as a force for unity and peace.
Keywords: Cultural Diplomacy, Peacebuilding, Ethnic Diversity, National Policy, Nigeria
| 20 |
Author(s):
K. Ndubuisi Emegha, PhD, Oforbuike Chibueze, PhD.
Page No : 323-346
|
THE END-BAD-GOVERNANCE PROTESTS IN NIGERIA AND SOUTH EAST ZONE NON-PARTICIPATION: A DIALECTIC ANALYSIS
Abstract
This paper employs a dialectic analysis to explore the underlying tensions, contradictions, and implications of the End-Bad-Governance protests, particularly the South East nonparticipation. While attempts at the level of policy and legal reforms have been made to promote good governance in Nigeria, the correlates of corruption, insecurity, economic hardship and a sense of hopelessness have been alluded to in scholarly writings since Nigeria’s return to democratic rule in 1999, as the bane of bad governance even in the present political dispensation. Application of the ‘Relative Deprivation’ theory, the ‘Social Identity’ theory, and the ‘Framing’ theory provided the lens through which the paper analyzed the dynamics of the End-Bad-Governance protests across Nigeria. Based on content analysis of secondary data and dialectic synthesis, the paper revealed the complex interplay between national discontent and regional identity. Thus, indicating that the End-Bad-Governance protests was a national call for a unified front against bad governance, but the South East's reluctance to participate reflects a distinct understanding of governance shaped by local historical experiences and socio-political contexts enmeshed in the rhetoric of marginalization, blame game and victimization. Understanding these dynamics is crucial for fostering effective dialogue and action in addressing the multifaceted governance challenges facing Nigeria. This paper summed that there is need for inclusive good governance in Nigeria where leadership is ‘for all’ and ‘with all’, ensuring equal opportunity for all, protecting minority rights, respecting right of choice between alternative programmes, and essentially respecting the peoples' discretion in choosing their own leaders in elections. The paper recommended that addressing existing regional differences requires a nuanced approach that considers local grievances ventilation platforms alongside broader national issues, fostering inclusive dialogue and participation in the quest for improved governance.
Keywords: End Bad Governance Protests, South East Nonparticipation, National and Regional Identity.
| 21 |
Author(s):
Chinedu Josiah Charles, Ihiaso Iheoma Augustina.
Page No : 347-355
|
TERRORISM AND PUBLIC SERVICE DELIVERY IN NIGERIA: PERSPECTIVES FROM BORNO STATE MINISTRY OF EDUCATION
Abstract
In the last couple of decades, insurgency has become a recurring decimal in the Northern parts of Nigeria, most especially in Borno state, this has caused untold hardship to the people in that region due to the loss of lives and properties, farmlands, jobs etc. The purpose of this descriptive study was to examine the effects of terrorism in Borno state on its ministry of education. The study’s theoretical framework was based on the relative deprivation theory; the theory was used to diagnose the problem of the recurring terrorism in the state and articulate possible alternative solutions. The central research question concerned the adverse effects of terrorism in the Borno State Ministry of Education. Data for this study were primarily collected through face-to-face interviews with a purposeful sample of 10 participants from the ministry of education. The findings of the study showed that there is collapse of Borno State’s security system in the interior parts of the state, there is an undesirable and negative implications of terrorism on Borno State’s education and general public service. Implications for positive social change include giving voice to voiceless Nigerians and providing the Nigerian security service, multilateral and bilateral organizations, and the Nigerian government with information necessary to understand the effects of terrorism on Borno State Ministry of Education and provide a way forward for the state government and also promote resilience in the people who have experienced terrorism.
Keywords: Terrorism, Insurgency, School, Ministry of education, Kidnap, Borno State.
