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Author(s):
JSMPA.
Page No :
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TABLE OF CONTENT
Abstract
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Author(s):
ABUEME Emeka Samuel.
Page No : 1-18
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Drug Abuse and National Security in Nigeria: A Case Study of Delta State (2015- 2023)
Abstract
Drug abuse has become an escalating concern in Nigeria, particularly due to its farreaching impact on national security. This study focuses on Delta State, one of Nigeria's states grappling with increasing rates of drug abuse and related security issues. By examining drug abuse trends from 2015 to 2023, the research highlights how the rise in drug use, particularly among the young population, correlates with the state's growing crime rates, including murder, rape, armed robbery, and cult clashes. The study also delves into the effectiveness of existing drug control policies, exploring the efforts made by government agencies, including the National Drug Law Enforcement Agency (NDLEA), in collaboration with state authorities, to address the problem. Using a combination of qualitative and quantitative data, the research analyzes the structural factors contributing to the persistence of drug abuse, such as poverty, unemployment, and peer pressure, and assesses their implications on national security. Theoretical framework, as structural functionalism is employed to explore the broader societal impact of these issues. The findings emphasize the need for stronger political will, improved rehabilitation efforts, international drug policy implementation, and enhanced community involvement to curb drug abuse and restore security. The study provides recommendations, incorporating the Commission on Narcotics Drugs (CND) Demand and Supply Reduction Policy for policymakers on how to implement more effective strategies to combat the menace, with the hope of reducing the societal and security-related challenges posed by drug abuse in Delta State and Nigeria as a whole.
Keywords: Drug abuse, national security, Delta State, NDLEA, young population, crime.
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Author(s):
ABDULLAHI MUSA AHMED, JIM EKENE OKEMINI, SAMUEL ADAMA, EMMANUEL ELIJAH.
Page No : 19-42
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Africa in United Nations Peacekeeping Operations: A Critical Assessment
Abstract
Africa's political evolution is characterised by conflicts that have sometimes gone beyond the capabilities of the continental body to resolve without resort to foreign assistance, especially in the critical field of military assistance. The United Nations (UN) peacekeeping operations have played a crucial role in maintaining international peace and security, particularly in Africa. Since the 1960s, Africa has been the focus of numerous UN peacekeeping missions, with the continent hosting some of the most complex and protracted conflicts. This article provides a critical review of Africa's experience in UN peacekeeping operations, examining the successes, challenges, and controversies surrounding these missions. The study also conceptualised peacekeeping and adopted the collective security paradigm as a framework for analysis. The study used mainly secondary data obtained from books, journals, conference papers and the Internet. All data collected were presented and analysed qualitatively through content analysis. The article also explores the role of African regional organisations, such as the African Union, in supporting UN peacekeeping efforts. Furthermore, it critiqued the dominant Western-centric approach to peacekeeping, highlighting the need for more inclusive and context-specific strategies that prioritise African perspectives and agency. Ultimately, this study aims to contribute to a nuanced understanding of the complexities and challenges of UN peacekeeping operations in Africa and to inform policy debates on how to improve the effectiveness and sustainability of these missions.
Keywords- Peacekeeping, Africa, United Nations collective security
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Author(s):
ABDULRASHEED Abdulyakeen , NURAIN Abayomi Mumuni .
Page No : 43-78
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ECOWAS at 50: Resilience, Growth and a new Vision for Global Relevance
Abstract
Abstract
This study examines the 50-year journey of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), assessing its resilience, growth, and the potential for a new vision aimed at enhancing its global relevance. The study addresses the challenges ECOWAS has faced in its quest for regional integration, political stability, and economic cooperation amidst global shifts. The objectives are to evaluate the successes and shortcomings of ECOWAS, analyze its response to socio-political and economic challenges, and propose strategies for redefining its role on the global stage. Drawing on the theory of regionalism and integration, the study adopts a qualitative methodology, combining a review of archival records, policy documents, and expert interviews. Findings reveal that while ECOWAS has made significant strides in fostering economic growth and peacekeeping, its effectiveness has often been hampered by political instability, external dependency, and internal conflicts. The conclusion underscores the need for ECOWAS to redefine its vision by focusing on sustainable development, intra-regional trade, political cohesion, and global diplomacy. Recommendations include strengthening regional institutions, enhancing member-state cooperation, and adopting new strategies for tackling emerging challenges like climate change, migration, and security threats, ensuring ECOWAS becomes more resilient and relevant in global affairs over the next 50 years.
Keywords: ECOWAS, Regional Integration, Peace and Security, Economic Cooperation, Global Relevance, Trade Liberalization.
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Author(s):
Abubakar Alhaji SALEH, Usman Danladi MADAKI , Abubakar Mohammed ALIYU .
Page No : 79-98
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Effect of Traditional Conflict Management on Conflict Transformation in Alago Community of Nasarawa State
Abstract
This study assesses the effect of traditional conflict management on conflict transformation in Alago community of Nasarawa state. The elders of both Obi and Assakio community have a laid down rules and regulations for resolving conflict. The elders are meticulous in resolving conflict to avoid spillover effect, they were guided by norms, beliefs and values. The objectives of the study are to: examine the role played by council of elders on conflict transformation in Alago community of Nasarawa State; assess the role of inter-marriages on conflict transformation in the Alago Community; examine the role of youth on conflict transformation in Alago Community; examine the role of women on conflict transformation in Alago Community; and assess the effectiveness of the traditional rulers on conflict transformation in Alago community. The study utilizes the mixed method where both qualitative and quantitative research method were employed. The qualitative research method interpreted the surrounding phenomenon in the study area via the use of Focus Group Discussion and Interview. The data collected in this study was analyzed by description and inferential statistical tools. The study used Marxist conflict theory as the theoretical frame work. A sample of Four hundred (400) respondents were selected from both Obi and Assakio in Alago. The findings indicates that; revealed that the council of elders plays a pivotal role in conflict transformation in the Alago community of Nasarawa State by establishing rules and regulations for resolving disputes. and Inter-marriages help bring conflicting communities together, reduce instances of conflict, and foster good relationships, thereby minimizing communal clashes. Inter-marriages significantly affect conflict transformation, The study recommended that active involvement of elders in peace building and conflict resolution processes is crucial due to their significant influence and respect within their communities their wisdom and experience can be invaluable in guiding and mediating conflicts.. Inter-marriage should be encouraged so as to promote understanding and empathy between different ethnic or cultural group, as individuals from deferent background come together and form familiar bounds. This can help to break down stereotypes and prejudices and foster a sense of common humanity amidst the community settlers.
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Author(s):
USEN, Akpan PhD .
Page No : 99-120
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Effects of Governance and Community Policing in Nigeria: A Focus on Karu Community in Federal Capital Territory, (FCT)
Abstract
This paper examines the effect of governance and community policing on Karu community in Federal Capital Territory (FCT), Abuja. The paper analyses the inability of government and the security agencies to protect lives and properties of Nigerian citizens as the reason for the establishment of community policing to complement the efforts of the formal institutions. The threats to lives and properties have hindered business activities and retarded development. This study employs documentary research method of data collection, analysis and interpretation in order to meet the objective and the findings. Some of the findings revealed that community policing has brought synergy in the area of information sharing to check criminal activities in most communities. Night patrols by members of community policing, jingle of bells and whistles are operative warnings to the would-be armed robbers and these have brought peace. The study recommend that community policing should be sustained since the formal institutions of government can’t provide security alone but the personnel and volunteer of community policing should be adequately trained in modern technology in line with global best practice.
Key words: Community, governance, insecurity, policing, Nigeria.
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Author(s):
LAMUS Asma’u Rayyanu.
Page No : 121-138
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Socio-Economic Impact of Farmer-Herder Conflict and National Security: A Study of Wamba Local Government of Nasarawa State 2015 – 2021
Abstract
This study examines the socio-economic impact of the farmer-herder conflict and its implications for national security in Wamba Local Government Area, Nasarawa State, between 2015 and 2021. It explores the root causes of the conflict, evaluates its effects on socio-economic conditions, food security, and national stability, and assesses the effectiveness of existing conflict-mitigation measures. Employing a mixed-methods approach, the study integrates qualitative and quantitative data through questionnaires, key informant interviews, and focus group discussions. The findings reveal that the primary drivers of the farmer-herder conflict include seasonal migration, farmland destruction due to grazing activities, population pressures resulting from an influx of herders, and cattle rustling involving both herders and some farmers. The conflict has led to significant disruptions in agricultural productivity, threatening food security and posing broader risks to national stability. Local interventions, such as supervised cattle herding and prompt reporting of crop destruction incidents to authorities, have shown the potential to reduce tensions. However, the study underscores the need for comprehensive government action. It recommends policies that secure equitable land-use rights for herders and farmers, the adoption of sustainable ranching models, and the establishment of community-driven peace-building initiatives and conflict-resolution mechanisms.
KEYWORDS: Herdsmen, Farmers, Resource, Conflict, Nasarawa State
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Author(s):
D. John Danfulani, Kabiru Zubairu, Rabiu Sadiq Bala.
Page No : 139-148
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Intelligence Gathering and the Challenges of Internal Security in Nigeria: A Review of Community Watch in Katsina State
Abstract
Over the past two decades, the topic of intelligence gathering and community policing has received increased and sustained attention. Controversies surrounding ‘enhanced interrogation’ methods, for example, led to many questions, including what are and what are not effective to interrogate suspected offenders, bandits, terrorists, and witnesses. The security challenges in Katsina State such as banditry, kidnaping, ethno-religious conflict, murder, herders-famers conflict among others have become source of concern to scholars and practitioners of security. The subsequent effects of these, are loss of lives and properties among the citizens. The security challenges in this area is traceable to space of intelligence gathering and lack of proper utilization by the security agencies working in the state. This paper therefore embraces as its theoretical outline, the Queer Ladder Theory (QLT) as its analytical framework to examine intelligence gathering and challenges of internal security in Nigeria with particular attention to Katsina State. The secondary method of data collection is employed by using security document obtained from the armed forces, police, Nigerian Security and Civil Defence Corps (NSCDC) records, internets newspapers and academic journal among others. The paper argues however that there is relationships between the effective intelligence gathering, professionalism and national security in Nigeria, particularly Katsina State. The paper recommends among others, the training and retraining of Katsina State Community Watch Corps (C-Watch), in addressing internal security challenges.
Keywords: Security challenges, Intelligence gathering, Community Watch, Banditry, Security.
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Author(s):
OLAYIWOLA Ayoola Richard, LAWAL Ibrahim Ismail, Aminu Abdullahi Sale.
Page No : 149-165
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Intelligence Gathering and Security Operations in Nigeria: A Study of Selected Joint Task Force Operations
Abstract
Gathering intelligence is crucial to successful security operations, particularly in complex and rapidly evolving environments like Nigeria, where a range of security threats are prevalent. This paper investigates how intelligence gathering enhances the effectiveness of Joint Task Force (JTF) operations, focusing on two specific case studies: Operation Delta Safe in the Niger Delta and the JTF on Cattle Rustling in Niger State. Utilizing secondary sources such as government documents, policy briefs, scholarly works, and reputable media reports, the paper delves into how actionable intelligence guides operational planning, resource allocation, and collaboration among agencies. Operation Delta Safe, which aims to combat oil theft, piracy, and militancy, illustrates how prompt intelligence can dismantle criminal networks and safeguard vital infrastructure. On the other hand, the JTF on Cattle Rustling in Niger State highlights the significance of intelligence in tackling rural banditry, improving civilian-military relations, and reestablishing local security. The paper highlights that while intelligence has greatly contributed to operational achievements in both scenarios, challenges remain. The paper concludes by proposing the necessity for better intelligence coordination, investment in advanced surveillance technology, and enhanced community involvement to ensure more effective security measures.
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Author(s):
MUSA Abdullahi Ahmed, ELIJAH Emmanuel, OFODOGU EUCHERIA , ADAMA SAMUEL .
Page No : 166-184
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Nation Building in Nigeria’s Fourth Republic: Challenges And Prospects
Abstract
This paper critically examined the challenges of nation-building in Nigeria’s Fourth Republic to find viable solutions. The paper highlighted the challenges of leadership, socio-economic inequalities, and institutional fragility as the major impediments which have stifled nation–building efforts in Nigeria. The paper employed national integration theory as the theoretical framework for critical study and insightful analysis of the challenges of nation-building in Nigeria. The study also utilized secondary data for critical assessment and content analysis of the challenges of nation–building in Nigeria’s Fourth Republic. The study found that the management of the challenges of Nation-building in Nigeria has degenerated due to the inability of its leadership to ensure proper management of diversity, socio-economic injustice and lack of good governance are responsible for the escalation of the problems which snowballed and translated to the current security challenges of Boko Haram Insurgency, banditry, kidnapping, armed robbery, cattle rustling and rapid increase in other crimes and criminality deeply rooted in youth unemployment, illiteracy, abject absolute poverty, socio-economic injustice, corruption and poor leadership. The paper therefore, recommended among other things, that political leaders should exhibit and provide responsive and responsible leadership to guarantee good governance to all Nigerians and also ensure social justice, sound economic management, transparency, and public accountability in governance to achieve peace and unity, national integration and stability.
Key words: Nation, Nation–Building, National Integration Theory
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Author(s):
Ekeledirichukwu C. Njoku, PhD, Christopher I. Obiukwu, PhD.
Page No : 185-197
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The Nexus Between Insurgency, Armed Banditry, and Secessionist Movements: Revisiting Nigeria’s Indivisibility
Abstract
This paper revisits the ongoing debate on Nigeria's indivisibility in light of increasing armed banditry, insurgency and secessionist movements and critically analyses how these security challenges erode national cohesion and threaten Nigeria’s unity. Driven by the Boko Haram/Islamic State West African Province (ISWAP), insurgency, particularly in the Northeast, has taken monstrous proportions. Deriving support from a deeply impoverished population, these groups have devastated the Northeast, resulting in widespread displacement and humanitarian crises. Similarly, armed banditry in the Northwest regions disrupts socio-economic activities, heightens insecurity and instils pervasive fear in local communities. Again, a desire for greater political autonomy has resulted in the resurgence of secessionist movements such as the Indigenous People of Biafra (IPOB) in the Southeast. These movements not only underscore structural inequalities and frustration with the Nigerian government but also deep-rooted ethnic and political grievances in these regions. These security threats and challenges call into question the legitimacy and sovereignty of the Nigerian state. Relying on qualitative analysis of secondary data, this paper explores the socio-political and economic underpinnings of these challenges and argues that the military-centric approach of the Nigerian government to these threats, rather than mitigating, has often exacerbated these threats. Thus, the paper argues that ensuring Nigeria's indivisibility requires a multifaceted and inclusive approach that respects ethnic diversity and promotes equitable governance.
Keywords: Armed banditry, Insurgency, Insecurity, Nigeria’s indivisibility, Secessionist movements, Indigenous People of Biafra
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Author(s):
LORD-MALLAM Nanna Charlotte PhD, ADIGWE Austeen Ndubuisi PhD.
Page No : 198-216
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INTERAGENCY COLLABORATION AND COUNTERTERRORISM IN THE MIDDLE BELT REGION OF NIGERIA
Abstract
Interagency collaboration is expected to play a critical role in the fight against all criminal activities and terrorism in Nigeria. It is often perceived as a panacea for dealing with many complex social problems. However, there still exists fogginess about the nature, triggers, and what determines results of interagency collaboration. This study employs the complexity theory to argue that organisations are like complex adaptive systems that can naturally be drawn to interdependence and connectivity in reaction to a shared problem with the objective of ensuring synergy among security agencies in obtaining positive outcome in the fight against terrorism. To drive home the need for collaboration to CT in the Middle Belt Region, Complexity theory is used as tool of analysis. The tendency towards conflict among the Nigerian security agencies which can be said to be bane of Nigeria’s slow move to combating this menace is premised on the lack of adequate resources and/or weak institutional capacity to mount collaboration. Findings reveal that, although much had been achieved in relation to the exchange of information, trust among these agencies was lacking and mutual wariness among these agencies still limited the exchange of information. Furthermore, a virtuous cycle of collaboration tends to develop when collaborative agencies focus on “small wins”. This weakens trust, commitment, and shared understanding. This paper concludes that both the military and para-military agencies must deliberately work in synergy to combat terrorists’ activities without any single group attributing success to itself alone. It then recommends a context-specific collective response to insecurity towards improving existing CT measures for peace to return to the Middle Belt Region.
Keywords: Interagency collaboration, Conflict, Counter-Terrorism, Terrorism, Middle Belt Region
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Author(s):
Lawan Malami Goni, PhD.
Page No : 217-229
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Analysis of the Interplay between Insurgency and State Politics in Nigeria.
Abstract
The Boko Haram insurgency in the Northeast and the rise of banditry in Northwest Nigeria have posed significant security challenges and eroded the Nigerian state's authority over its territory. Therefore, this paper examines the complex interplay between these phenomena and highlights the impact of governance, economic conditions, ethnic and religious divisions, and the state's role in suppressing insurgency. Grounded in the Frustration-Aggression Theory, this study employs a documentary analysis to identify the root causes of these security threats. The findings suggest that combining security measures with political and socioeconomic reforms is necessary. In addition, a holistic approach is essential to address the challenges of insurgency and banditry to have lasting peace and stability in Nigeria. There is also the need for transparency and accountability in local and state governments, promotion of effective service delivery, enforcement of the rule of law, and inclusiveness in governance. The paper concludes that, if the government in Nigeria faithfully addresses the underlying drivers of insurgency, there is certainty that citizens would enjoy a more stable and secure environment.
Keywords: Insurgency; Interplay; Politics; Nigeria; State.
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Author(s):
EJEH LOVETH.
Page No : 230-256
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Re-Imagining Education for National Development: A Nigerian Perspective
Abstract
Education is a veritable tool in achieving national development in any nation in the world. The quality of education is, therefore, sinequanon to a nation’s advancement. It is through strategic education that industrial advancement and improved conditions of living for mankind and moral regeneration can be attained. This paper adopted system theory as a framework of analysis. The methodology adopted was a contextual analysis that involves the review of existing literature such as journal articles, textbooks and relevant internet sources. The paper argued that the educational system in Nigeria has been challenged in critical aspects such as poor educational policies that cannot drive national advancement, bad governance, lack of visionary and futuristic leadership, corruption and non-accountability, insecurity, poverty, religion, etc. This has ultimately resulted in a poor educational system that lacks the capacity to engender national development. Therefore, there is a need to appraise the educational system in Nigeria, to introduce innovations that can transform the sector into a hub that will engender national development. The paper concludes that when the critical challenges affecting the educational system in Nigeria are attended to and good educational standards are put in place, there is no doubt that, national development will be enhanced. The paper then recommends that to attain national development in Nigeria, educational policies should be reviewed to accommodate educational practices that are suitable to our current national realities. It suggests scientific and technological driven educational policies that are technical and practical in form, vocational training and workplace ethics.
Keywords: Education, National Development, Leadership, Science and Technology, Vocational Education.
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Author(s):
Auwalu Musa.
Page No : 257-284
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Unveiling the Drivers of Drug Abuse and Violent Insurgency in Nigeria: The Complex Realities of Adamawa and Borno States
Abstract
The enduring issues of drug abuse and insurgency in Nigeria, particularly in Adamawa and Borno States, have given rise to profound social and security challenges. These interconnected problems perpetuate instability, intensify socio-economic hardships, and obstruct developmental efforts in the affected areas. This study investigates the underlying drivers of drug abuse and their role in exacerbating insurgency, with a focus on critical factors such as poverty, illiteracy, indoctrination, and frustration. It further examines how substance use amplifies violent behaviours among insurgents, using strain theory as a framework. Strain theory suggests that socio-economic pressures and the lack of legitimate avenues to achieve success compel individuals to adopt deviant behaviours as coping mechanisms. The primary objectives of this research are to identify the underlying causes of drug abuse and insurgency in Adamawa and Borno States, analyse the relationship between substance use and insurgent activities, and propose evidence-based policy interventions. A qualitative methodology was adopted for the study, with data gathered through both primary and secondary sources. Primary sources include focus group discussions (FGDs) and key informant interviews (KIIs) with a diverse group of respondents. The analysis will utilise content triangulation, combining data from FGDs, KIIs, and secondary sources to uncover recurring themes and patterns. Findings reveal that drug abuse serves as a catalyst for insurgent violence, with substances such as tramadol, diazepam, and codeine frequently used by combatants to diminish fear, enhance aggression, and endure prolonged conflicts. The study further identifies socio-economic factors such as poverty, unemployment, and educational deprivation, alongside ideological indoctrination, as key drivers of both drug abuse and insurgent participation. The application of strain theory elucidates how these socio-economic strains push individuals toward deviant coping mechanisms, including substance misuse and insurgency. This research highlights the necessity of addressing drug abuse as an integral component of counter-insurgency efforts. Its significance lies in its contribution to understanding the socio-psychological and structural factors underpinning these challenges, thereby offering a theoretical basis for policy intervention. In conclusion, tackling drug abuse and its socio-economic precursors is critical for fostering sustainable peace and security in Adamawa and Borno States. Recommendations include enhancing educational and economic opportunities, reinforcing drug enforcement policies, and integrating substance abuse rehabilitation into broader counter-insurgency strategies. Additionally, the findings underscore the importance of addressing structural inequalities to alleviate socio-economic pressures that drive deviant behaviours.
Keywords: Drivers, Drug Abuse, Violent Insurgency, Strains Theory
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Author(s):
Rebecca Temitope Newton, Onipe Joy.
Page No : 285-313
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WOMEN PARTICIPATION IN POLITICS IN KADUNA STATE: A CASE STUDY OF KADUNA NORTH LOCAL GOVERNMENT
Abstract
The nature, extent and magnitude of violence against women in the Nigerian public service had assumed alarming proportions that necessitates further research efforts on the challenges and realm of possible solutions. This paper examines the challenges of women employees of Federal Radio Corporation of Nigeria, Kaduna and its impact on their productivity. The objective among others is to highlight the factors that contribute to women marginal role in higher positions of the corporation. The study covered the period 2010 - 2019. Data for the study were generated from both primary sources; collected through questionnaires administered to management and staff of the corporation, Data was analyzed quantitatively using simple percentage, Likert’s five points rating scale and statistical mean. After analyzing the data from various sources, it was discovered that women actually face some difficulties in the course of carrying out their official duties; being it discriminatory or non-violence. The study concludes that the challenges of women employees in public service are in two folds. It is either the population of the working staff contains fewer women in both management and senior staff, or there is an element of discrimination between the female and their male counterparts. Based on the findings, the study recommends that addressing such problems by changing the negative attitudes of males towards the role of women in administration and acquisition of western education is imperative for national development. In addition, women should be given equal right and education.
Keywords: Nigerian Public Service, Productivity, Women Employees, Challenges, FRCN
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Author(s):
TITUS, ANDE SIMON, POPOGBE JOHN SONAYON, PHOEBE JUMMAI SIMON-TITUS.
Page No : 314-332
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An Assessment of Human Capital Development on Employee Performance (A Study of Kaduna State Media Corporation)
Abstract
The paper examines human capital development in Kaduna State Media Corporation (KSMC). This is sequel to numerous issues of workers inefficiency arising from poor training. It is against this backdrop that the paper seeks to examine Human capital development as a means of increasing productivity in KSMC. Hence the main objective of this study is to examine Human capital development as a means of increasing productivity in KSMC. Human capital development is mandatory in collaboration with other resources in achieving organizational goals and objectives. In spite of this, human capital development is very insignificant in KSMC. In line with the objectives of the study literature were reviewed in accordance with the objective of this research. The survey research was used as the research design, hence questionnaire constitute the main instrument of data collection. The research indicates that Human Capital development in KSMC aid staff productivity as well as helps to bring various talents into single umbrella objective as well as a very good tool for strategic integration, higher commitment and flexibility of work. Human capital development is constraint with issues arising from improper funding as well as mismanagement of funds voted for human capital development. Hence the following recommendations were made among others that there should be staff training and development to enhance effective human capital development as it is critical to ensuring the actualization of organizational goals.
Keywords: Human Capital, Development, Employee Performance, Efficiency, Productivity
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Author(s):
Sati Musa, Elizabeth Aishatu Bature.
Page No : 333-352
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Proliferation of Small Arms and Light Weapons: a Threat to National Security: a Case Study of Kaduna State: 2015-2023.
Abstract
This study focuses on proliferation of small arms and light weapons; a threat to national security. Nigeria and Kaduna State as the case study precisely, among other states, has been facing a lot of security challenges, ranging from banditry, terrorism, kidnapping, farmers/herders clashes, and etcetera. To that, the problem kept increasing and therefore affects national security architecture of both Kaduna state and Nigeria at large. A topic which has often been neglected due to the fact that it deals with what is term as sensitive information, gain a lot of effort by the researcher, and was able to deal with big issues affecting national, regional and international security. The researcher also offered a theoretical context and examined some relevant literature that is consistent with small arms proliferation and national security. In pursuit of the objectives, through the methodology, as mentioned in the study, the researcher distributed and administered questionnaires to members of the Kaduna State’s two local government areas From the examination and interpretation of the data, the researcher found that many factors contribute to the proliferation of small arms in Kaduna state, such as the interplay of politics, porous borders, lack of proper controlled of manufacturing and production of SALW, all play a part in contributing to the proliferation of small arms and other factors thereby enhancing criminal activities. The researcher made some recommendations on how to combat the spread of small arms and enhance national security in Kaduna state, Nigeria, Africa and the World at large.
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Author(s):
Yakubu Haruna Jae Ph.D. , Yusuf Musa Ph.D., Naomi Ethan Mijah Ph.D..
Page No : 353-372
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The Role of Oxfam in the Provision of Humanitarian Assistance to Boko Haram Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) in Adamawa State.
Abstract
Since 2009, terrorism brought about by the Terrorist group known as Boko Haram has displaced a vast number of persons across the North Eastern part of Nigeria from their places of abode, as they flee the murderous atrocities of the group. Despite the fire-brigade approach of ADSEMA in turning part of the NYSC camp and some schools into five camps across Yola North, Yola South, Girei and Fufore, it could not contain the surging number of IDPs, leading to a huge humanitarian crisis. Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria in section 2(b) and 34(1)(a) guarantees the security and welfare of the Nigerian citizen especially against wars and conflict; yet there was no timely and adequate assistance at the peak of the crisis, thereby necessitating the involvement of Non-Governmental Organizations. It is against the foregoing that this paper attempts an investigation of the role of Oxfam in the provision of humanitarian assistance to the Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) by Boko Haram in Adamawa State. This paper gave us an in-depth understanding of the role of Oxfam in the provision of humanitarian assistance to the Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) by Boko Haram Insurgency in Adamawa State. Based on the findings, this paper concludes that the role played by Oxfam in the provision of humanitarian assistance to IDPs in Adamawa state were significant but not sufficient to meet the needs of the IDPs in the state. Certain recommendations were made, among which is that; it is necessary to ensure sufficient supply of vital medications, particularly for primary healthcare facilities, as well as operational ambulances in areas where internally displaced persons (IDPs) have been officially recorded.
Key Words: Oxfam, Humanitarian Assistance, Boko Haram, IDPs, Adamawa State.
| 20 |
Author(s):
AJE TOLU ELIZABETH , MOKA OLUSHOLA, OLUWAPELUMI CLEMENT OLUWAGBOHUNMI.
Page No : 373-396
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The Roles of Islamic Clerics in Conflict Management in Ado Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
Abstract
This study explored the multifaceted roles of Islamic clerics in mediation, promoting peaceful coexistence, conflict prevention, counseling, and community development, and to identify the obstacles that hinder their effectiveness. Utilizing a qualitative methodology, the study involved interviews and focus group discussions with 15 clerics and community members. Thematic analysis was employed to analyze the data. Findings indicate that clerics are deeply involved in conflict resolution and community initiatives, significantly contributing to social harmony and development. However, they face challenges such as resource limitations, political interference, and cultural barriers. The study suggests that enhancing collaboration with local authorities and other stakeholders can amplify the positive impact of clerics’ efforts. Policy recommendations include increased support for clerics' initiatives and the establishment of frameworks to facilitate better resource allocation and cooperation.
Keywords: Islamic clerics, conflict management, mediation, peace building, Nigeria
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Author(s):
Alaku, Emmanuel Chukwuemeka (PhD).
Page No : 397-409
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Leadership Dysfunctionality and Trust Deficit Culture: the Retrospective Background for Small Arms Proliferation in Nigeria, 1985 – 1993
Abstract
The paper is premised on leadership dysfunctionality and trust deficit culture of Ibrahim Badamosi Babangida regime that encouraged small arms proliferation and abuse. The regime since Mid-1980s had left behind lofty ideals such as the issue of Nigeria’s membership of the Organization of Islamic Countries (OIC), Structural Adjustment Programme, Corruption, Financial Fraudsters (419), and Annulment of 12th June 1993 Presidential Election cum overt support of sub-national interest. These lofty ideals made small arms attractive and communicated wrong values that encouraged the promotion of guns as symbols of acquiring wealth and power in the society. Failure of the state and its security agencies to guarantee protection for its citizens not only transformed security from public goods to private service but made small arms inevitable. Works on IBB regime had become prevalent but emphasis on its overt and covert support for arms proliferation in Nigeria, a gap this study intends to fill, is highly obscured. Primary and secondary sources such as journals, books, newspapers, interviews, ad-hoc observation and account were analyzed qualitatively using self-report techniques and social contract theory. The study submits that the increased incidence of armed conflict in Nigeria as a result of the IBB’s harsh economic policy fueled the proliferation of arms and abuse. This, in turn, promoted the formation of desperate armed groups as a show of the citizens’ demonstration of dissatisfaction of the policy.
Keywords: IBB regime, leadership, deceit, small arms, Nigeria,
