Author(s) :

HAMMAN Sadiq.

Volume/Issue :

Abstract :

The Boko Haram insurgency has remained one of the most persistent threats to Nigeria's national security since its violent transformation in 2009. Although significant military gains were recorded between 2015 and 2024, the insurgency continued to challenge state authority, disrupt socioeconomic activities, and undermine regional stability. This article examines the nature of Boko Haram operations in Northeastern Nigeria between 2015 and 2024 and evaluates their implications for national security. Drawing on secondary data from scholarly literature, policy reports, and security studies, the article employs Fragile State Theory to explain the persistence of insurgent violence despite sustained counterinsurgency efforts. The study argues that Boko Haram's resilience is rooted in a combination of structural governance deficits, socioeconomic deprivation, ideological radicalization, and the adaptive capacity of insurgent networks. The findings reveal that while military operations significantly weakened the group's territorial control, insurgents successfully adopted asymmetric tactics such as ambushes, kidnappings, improvised explosive device attacks, and raids on civilian and military targets. The article concludes that national security in Nigeria cannot be guaranteed through military force alone and recommends a multidimensional strategy that integrates security operations, economic development, political inclusion, community participation, and regional cooperation. Keywords: Boko Haram, Insurgency, National Security, Counterinsurgency, Terrorism, Northeast Nigeria.

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