Author(s) :

Shedrack Bee SHAR.

Volume/Issue :

Abstract :

The persistent conflict between farmers and herders in Nigeria, particularly in the Middle Belt region, has emerged as one of the most pressing threats to national peace and rural livelihoods. This study focuses on Katsina-Ala Local Government Area (LGA) of Benue State, an epicenter of such conflicts, to examine the underlying causes, nature, and evolving dynamics of farmer-herder relations. The study explores how increasing competition over land and water resources, environmental stress, population growth, and policy failures have intensified violent confrontations between agrarian farmers and nomadic pastoralists. Using a qualitative approach supported by interviews, focus group discussions, and secondary data, the study reveals that the conflict has shifted from seasonal disagreements to systemic, often deadly, confrontations rooted in deeper ethno-political tensions, weak governance structures, and the proliferation of small arms. The findings highlight how the erosion of traditional conflict resolution mechanisms and the limitations of state-led responses have exacerbated insecurity and displaced thousands. The study also underscores the gendered and socio-economic impacts of the conflict, particularly on farming households and local food systems. It argues that resolving the crisis requires a multi-dimensional approach that combines inclusive dialogue, land-use reforms, sustainable grazing policies, and peacebuilding strategies tailored to local realities. Ultimately, the paper contributes to the broader discourse on rural security, conflict transformation, and environmental governance in Nigeria. Keywords: Farmer-Herder Conflict, Katsina-Ala, Resource Competition, Rural Insecurity, Benue State.

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