Author(s) :

Auwalu Musa.

Volume/Issue :

Abstract :

The enduring issues of drug abuse and insurgency in Nigeria, particularly in Adamawa and Borno States, have given rise to profound social and security challenges. These interconnected problems perpetuate instability, intensify socio-economic hardships, and obstruct developmental efforts in the affected areas. This study investigates the underlying drivers of drug abuse and their role in exacerbating insurgency, with a focus on critical factors such as poverty, illiteracy, indoctrination, and frustration. It further examines how substance use amplifies violent behaviours among insurgents, using strain theory as a framework. Strain theory suggests that socio-economic pressures and the lack of legitimate avenues to achieve success compel individuals to adopt deviant behaviours as coping mechanisms. The primary objectives of this research are to identify the underlying causes of drug abuse and insurgency in Adamawa and Borno States, analyse the relationship between substance use and insurgent activities, and propose evidence-based policy interventions. A qualitative methodology was adopted for the study, with data gathered through both primary and secondary sources. Primary sources include focus group discussions (FGDs) and key informant interviews (KIIs) with a diverse group of respondents. The analysis will utilise content triangulation, combining data from FGDs, KIIs, and secondary sources to uncover recurring themes and patterns. Findings reveal that drug abuse serves as a catalyst for insurgent violence, with substances such as tramadol, diazepam, and codeine frequently used by combatants to diminish fear, enhance aggression, and endure prolonged conflicts. The study further identifies socio-economic factors such as poverty, unemployment, and educational deprivation, alongside ideological indoctrination, as key drivers of both drug abuse and insurgent participation. The application of strain theory elucidates how these socio-economic strains push individuals toward deviant coping mechanisms, including substance misuse and insurgency. This research highlights the necessity of addressing drug abuse as an integral component of counter-insurgency efforts. Its significance lies in its contribution to understanding the socio-psychological and structural factors underpinning these challenges, thereby offering a theoretical basis for policy intervention. In conclusion, tackling drug abuse and its socio-economic precursors is critical for fostering sustainable peace and security in Adamawa and Borno States. Recommendations include enhancing educational and economic opportunities, reinforcing drug enforcement policies, and integrating substance abuse rehabilitation into broader counter-insurgency strategies. Additionally, the findings underscore the importance of addressing structural inequalities to alleviate socio-economic pressures that drive deviant behaviours. Keywords: Drivers, Drug Abuse, Violent Insurgency, Strains Theory

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